Puja essay Essay Example

Puja essay Essay Buddhists believe that by performing certain actions with the right intentions it is possible to purify your karma and attain merit may any auspicious purify power generated by writing this work be for the benefit of my parents, wife, and daughter all who read this book and beings, merit can help on the path to enlightenment and can also be shared with others, just like the Buddha shared with his followers. In the days of the Buddha his followers seen him and his teachings as a refuge, in Buddhism the word refuge means a place you can go to be safe, a place you can trust, a place you an go and develop as a person, and a place for support. Buddhist thought that the world is full of perils, ignorance and suffering and Buddhism was a refuge from this. The community of Buddhism also became a refuge for followers. Many traditions in Buddhism see the three jewels as refuges and will chant them in pail, Buddhism saran chamois, dammar saran chamois, gingham saran chamois this chant is called going for refuge and is very important in the Buddhist ritual. In chanting the formula Buddhists orientate themselves from worldly things like money and romance ND push themselves towards the three jewels. During the time of the Buddha all those who took refuge in him were called buckish, he sent them out with the words go monks and travel for the welfare and happiness of the people out of compassion for the world, teach the dharma, buckish lived a wandering life, they taught the dharma and only ate what was given to them. In Buddhism there are no rules about how often one should worship, however many Buddhists keep a shrine in their house so they can perform simple acts of worship daily. We will write a custom essay sample on Puja essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Puja essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Puja essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The word shrine implies that it is a place where something special is kept, in all forms of Buddhism ceremonies are held regularly in temples. The layout of the shrine and the objects associated with it vary from one Buddhist saga to another, but there are common features between them all. There is usually a statue or a picture of shamanic in the centre of the shrine; Mahayana shrines in particular are more likely to have a variety of Buddha images. Offering water at the butane is a symbol of respect, this is because India is such a warm country and water is a valuable moodily. Light is an important symbol, in Buddhism a candle flame represents enlightenment. A shrine is treated with great respect and care, it is usually cleaned daily, with water and food changed daily. Statues are also a part of pupas, the identity of the statue on the shrine depends largely on the kind of Buddhism being carried out. Tetrahedral Buddhist temples and shrines have statues of the historical Buddha; in this case the statue represents the historical Buddha as worthy of respect for what he achieved. The Buddhist rage to show respect for all that the Buddha stands for through their actions comes from the practice in early Buddhism of visiting and circumnavigating status containing the relics of the Buddha are an important part of worship. A mantra is a phrase containing the name of an enlightened being that worshippers repeat and In doing so they manifest the qualities of that enlightened being, mom main padre hum is an important mantra. In Tibetan Buddhism the mantra is written on prayer flags and on pieces of paper that are put inside prayer wheels which the worshipper turns.

President Rutherford B Hayes - Fast Facts

President Rutherford B Hayes - Fast Facts Rutherford B. Hayes (1822-1893) served as Americas nineteenth president between 1877 and 1881. Many believe that he won the election due to an unwritten deal called the Compromise of 1877 that officially pulled troops out of the south thereby ending Reconstruction in exchange for his getting the presidency.   Here is a quick list of fast facts for Rutherford B Hayes. For more in depth information, you can also read the Rutherford B Hayes Biography Birth: October 4, 1822 Death: January 17, 1893 Term of Office: March 4, 1877-March 3, 1881 Number of Terms Elected: 1 Term First Lady: Lucy Ware Webb Rutherford B Hayes Quote: Abolish plutocracy if you would abolish poverty. Major Events While in Office: Compromise of 1877 (End of Reconstruction)Bland-Allison Act (1878)Pronounced the necessity of creating an American controlled canal in Panama (1880) States Entering Union While in Office: none Related Rutherford B Hayes Resources: These additional resources on Rutherford B Hayes can provide you with further information about the president and his times. Rutherford B Hayes BiographyTake a more in depth look at the nineteenth president of the United States through this biography. Youll learn about his childhood, family, early career, and the major events of his administration. Reconstruction EraAs the Civil War ended, the government was left with the job of mending the horrendous rift that had torn the nation apart. The programs of reconstruction were efforts to help achieve this goal. Top 10 Significant Presidential ElectionsRutherford B Hayes was involved in one of the top ten significant elections in American History. In 1876, he beat Samuel Tilden for the presidency when it was put into the House of Representatives. It is believed that through the Compromise of 1877, Hayes agreed to end Reconstruction and recall all troops from the South in exchange for the presidency Chart of Presidents and Vice PresidentsThis informative chart gives quick reference information on the presidents, vice-presidents, their terms of office, and their political parties. Other Presidential Fast Facts: Ulysses S GrantJames GarfieldList of American Presidents

Corporate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Corporate finance - Essay Example The company’s dividends have also increased over the past year and this shows a level of improvement and bettered operations. The calculation of the CAPM highlights that Super Cheap Auto pays out a higher level of return than the market while the minimum return expected by the shareholders is 9.30%. Also based on the calculation of the WACC, it has been noted that the company requires a minimum return of almost 10.50% from all new projects and this is the rate to be utilised for the investment appraisals in the future. Super Cheap Auto deals with retailing of cars in Australia and New Zealand. This paper aims at analysing the company and discussing the financial aspects of the company. The paper will begin with an overview of the company followed by the current activities of the company. The paper will also discuss the company’s capital structure and aspects of debt and equity that the company operates with. Calculation of the capital asset pricing model and the weighted average cost of capital of the company will also be discussed. Super Cheap Auto Group Limited is a retailer of car products. The company caters to the markets of Australia and New Zealand and provides the country with excellent brands of vehicles as well as automotive parts. The company falls under the NAICS codes of 441310 – which deals with the Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores. Also the SIC Codes that the company operates under are: 5013 – Motor Vehicles Supplies and New Parts Industry Report, 5531 – Auto and Home Supply Stores Industry Report and 5731 - Radio, Television, and Consumer Electronics Stores industry report (High Beam Business, 2010). The company was started as an automotive parts and accessories retailer in Queensland in 1974. Over the years the company has seen immense growth and now operates in over 212 outlets and the in almost every state

The Development of Presidental Power in the United States Research Paper

The Development of Presidental Power in the United States - Research Paper Example Decisive issues in the history of the United States, such as territorial expansion and slavery, have played a crucial role in determining the scope and nature of expanding presidential power through the centuries. In order to understand the rise of presidential power, one must first set a standard to which that rise is measured. That standard is the first president of the United States, George Washington, who was inaugurated on April 30, 1789. In many ways, Washington set the standards for his successors: setting up a cabinet system, giving an inaugural address, and serving as a two-term president. He took over the presidency of a country emerging fresh from its quest for independence, and he immediately faced the problems of any newly established nation. Recognizing the need to sign major treaties for foreign powers and to ratify the Bill of Rights, Washington signed a large slate of legislative measures that set up channels of commerce, state militias, the judiciary, the United Sta tes Mint, and the first immigration laws. Each of these acts stood in concert with the newly signed Constitution, which Washington used as justification for his veto of the Apportionment Act of 1792 (Washington). By all accounts, Washington represents the classic president with his respect for the precise limits of his power. Washington held federalist sentiments, aligned for the most part with his Secretary of the Treasury, cabinet member, and friend Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton’s intellectual influence on Washington was so great that Washington’s famous Farewell Address is thought to have been crafted, at least in part, by Hamilton’s hand. The federalists like Washington and Hamilton viewed states rights as less important and a hindrance to an effective, efficient central state. The Articles of Confederation, which had been discarded in favor of the Constitution, stressed the value of states’ rights above a central state but to a degree that made the fe deral government incapable of carrying out its necessary, executive functions. In his Farewell Address, Washington makes it clear that a stronger central government, at the expense of states’ rights, is a necessary movement toward reducing deadly factions in American government. To that end, Washington urges support for the new constitutional government. A weak government, he warns, is one that cannot defend itself from factions, or enforce its laws, or protect the rights of citizens, which is implied as an argument against overemphasizing the sovereignty of individual states. After the presidency of John Adams, another federalist, Thomas Jefferson became the third president in March 1801. As a Democrat-Republican with anti-federalist leanings, Jefferson wrote in favor of state rights, believing that the size of the federal government ought not to be maximized (Schlesinger 23). Instead, he thought, states’ ought to have a greater degree of sovereignty because they are more responsive to diverse groups of people. Looking at the divergent interests of Southerners and Northerners, even in the early 1800s, Jefferson identified a potential source of conflict—a factionalism that might emerge on the highest level of government. Accordingly, he endorsed a political

A look at why Gorbachev's reforms failed in the former Soviet Union Term Paper

A look at why Gorbachev's reforms failed in the former Soviet Union while Deng Xiaoping's reforms succeeded in China - Term Paper Example His policy of Glasnost or openness was also an integral part of his restructuring as well. The essence of these reforming exercises was largely the movement towards economic liberalization and plausible democratic transparency – to the extent as it augured well with the need for necessary change (Kessler, 1988, 651). Indeed, what Deng could foresee in 1978, Gorbachev and erstwhile Soviet political stalwarts took yet another eight years to conceive! China’s journey to realizing need for globalization began with Deng’s very first visit to United States for meeting President Carter. When USSR started with restructuring economy and polity, China was already way ahead in this process. Does it mean that Deng was better entrenched in the corridors of power in China than Gorbachev in Soviet Union? There can be quite few reasons behind this apparent ‘back bencher’ attitude of the Soviet Union. Despite other international political designs, China was not so globally involved with the cold war mutual vilifications and indirect fighting with the United States (US). The Soviet Union had to waste a lot of her resources and energy in the cold war with US. In view of Soviet involvement in Afghanistan and tremendous pressure upon it during cold war and dà ©tente, USSR’s weal ec onomy could not really bear the burden of a so-called socialist polity and economy – largely closed to the outside world. However, in order to critically analyze and compare both Perestroika and Deng’s reforms it is required to know the major aspects of both these perspectives. First, main aspects of Perestroika may be pointed out: The Gorbachev leadership, however, regarded its reforms in the USSR as a development of socialism, a â€Å"modernization,† as it were, of socialism to bring it up to date in the modern epoch. The policy of perestroika has †¦. The proposals of the reform movement

Emergenetics in the Work Place

Emergenetics in the Work Place Introduction Emergenetics is a modern psychometric assessment tool based on the brain. It is used to highlight how an individual thinks and behaves (Browning, 2005). This tool provides an understanding of how people live, work, communicate and interact with one another. There are several emergenetics profiles generated for various purposes. Some are meant to test the leadership skills of individuals or the type of behaviour of different people at work. This paper seeks to highlight the history and background of emergenetics, as well as the benefits of this tool for relationships at the workplace. The History and Background of Emergenetics Emergenetics is based on research that indicates that individuals have inborn traits that make them act and think in a certain way (Williams, Browning, 2010). However, these traits are modified and shaped as people interact with their surroundings. Personal experiences and genetics combine to form a commonly recognized pattern of personality traits. There are seven sets of attributes as described by Emergenetics, and each of these has a unique colour code. Of these, four ways describe ways of thinking, and three describe ways of behaving (Williams, Browning, 2010). The four ways of thinking are analytical preferences (represented by blue), structural preferences (represented by green), social preferences (represented by red) and conceptual preferences (represented by yellow). The behavioural attributes are all represented by the purple. These are expressiveness behaviour, assertiveness behaviour and flexibility behaviour (Williams, Browning, 2010). Development of the Emergenetics Profile When developing the Emergenetics profile instrument, a number of factors were considered. The first factor is the underlying theory, which proposes that an individual has a combination of genetic tendencies (Hunter, 2010). These are tendencies that make one think and act in a certain way, and to act and think in a way that has been modified through socialization. This is from recent research that behaviour and way of thinking is influenced by genetics, which is referred to as nature, as well as the environment, which is referred to as nurture. Another important factor to consider when creating the profile is reliability. Every test developer is concerned about having a question that reliably measures the construct it is supposed to measure. In a test that is well designed, scores from one part of the test should correlate with scores from another part of the test, which is a demonstration of reliability. In the Emergenetics profile test, the statistical procedures used include item by item reliability, split-half reliability and a test/re-test reliability (Hunter, 2010). The item to item reliability is an internal measure to show how well each item correlates to the total score for that item. The split-half reliability is a measure of relationship between scores in different parts of the test (Hunter, 2010). The test/re-test reliability is a measure of how consistently an individual constructs their profile from one time to another. The other factor that was considered is validity, and this refers to how well the test measures what it is supposed to measure. In the same way that there are many types of reliability, there are many types of validity. One is face validity, which refers to whether the individual taking the test considers it to be credible (Hunter, 2010). Having irrelevant questions in the test can make the person taking the test question its validity. If this happens, the person taking the test may provide unreliable answers. Questions on the Emergenetics Profile were written to be relevant to daily events and behaviours. There is content validity, which refers to the adequacy of the Emergenetics tool to measure the behaviour it is designed to measure (Hunter, 2010). For instance, in a typing test, there is a relationship between a specific skill and what the test measures. This, however, is heavily dependent on feedback from people who have used the test. Many people that have taken the Emergenetics test agree that it accurately measures ways of thinking and behaviour. There is the criterion validity, which is a measure of correlation of a person’s scores in different areas of the test (Hunter, 2010). Quoting an example that was used earlier, a high score in a typing test could be used as a criterion to determine the general performance of that child or individual. However, since the Emergenetics Profile Instrument was not developed to measure performance in specific tasks or jobs, no information on criterion validity is available. The last type of validity that was considered is construct validity. A construct is defined as a deeply rooted mental characteristic. From this definition, construct validity refers to whether the Emergenetics tool measures the four ways of thinking preferences and three ways of behaviour (Hunter, 2010). This type of validity is determined using measures similar to those used to determine the reliability of the test. How Emergenetics can be used to Enhance Healthy Workplace Relationships As was mentioned earlier, Emergenetics is a scientific tool that is used to help understand human behaviour and their way of thinking, which makes them approach work and life differently (Browning, 2005). This tool consists of an analysis of left-brain/right-brain, determining how people tend to behave, and this is what defines personality. When applied at the work place, the Emergenetics Profile will provide a true picture of everyone working in a given organization. The tool makes it easier to identify how every individual at the workplace thinks, behaves, and communicates, as well as their preferences (Browning, 2005). Other personal analysis tools provide suggestions on how an individual can change to meet the needs of the organization, but this tool takes a different approach. It appreciates that every individual is unique and helps them stand out through their genetics by creating a profile that shows personal and professional implications (Browning, 2005). The tool focuses more on the strengths of an individual, meant to build on personal energy and passion. Once an individual identifies their strengths, they can then find ways to make these work for them at the workplace. When applied at the workplace, this tool works by exposing cognitive preferences of an individual, by highlighting their distinct, brain-based strengths (Browning, 2005). With such an understanding, people can build better working relationships especially when working as a team on something. The tool also works by tapping into an individual’s uniqueness, distinctive work and learning preferences. The tool helps individuals to discover their innate strengths, shaping ways of how people should go about their work because it highlights where their strengths lie (Browning, 2005). The Emergenetics Profile provides a blueprint for managers at the workplace to engage everyone through methods and strategies that encourage appreciation and collaboration. While taking this approach, it becomes easier to identify people who have leadership skills. When such people are identified in good time, their strengths are assessed fully and skills are developed in a relatively short amount of time (Browning, 2005). These strategies work together to energize individuals to perform even better at the workplace. When the Emergenetics tool is applied, as described above, the organization is better positioned to meet its strategic objectives and goals. Further, people working in such an organization can communicate effectively with the leaders or managers and with each other (Browning, 2005). The organization also enjoys high retention of employees because it can assign responsibilities and duties in accordance with the strengths of an individual. When the management of an organization understands how employees behave and think, they can develop a cohesive organizational culture based on the Emergenetics insight, through an informed perspective based on personal experiences (Browning, 2005). Benefits of Emergenetics in terms of Relationships at the Workplace Emergenetics is an efficient tool because it integrates everything in an organization. It contributes to goal setting, trust building, communication enhancement and team initiatives (O’Connell, 2012b). It makes an impact on everyone in the organization, because it provides a basis for everyone to shine in their unique way. Anyone who takes the Emergenetics test becomes more aware of themselves, their colleagues, and their leaders, managers, and supervisors. This kind of awareness is a basic requirement for fostering good working relationships. When such a person is working in a team environment, they are more effective and more creative in their strong areas. Emergenetics serves as a foundational element upon which an organization can facilitate its dynamics to build a talent-rich organization (O’Connell, 2012b). This happens because it helps people identify their strengths and ways to make the best use of them. It also improves communication and productivity at the workplace. Since the tool appreciates the uniqueness of each employee, employees can apply unique approaches to complete their duties and responsibilities, and the result of this will be high competencies. Case Study: Emergenetics at ACSA Emergenetics is a tool that the Albemarle County Service Authority (ACSA) uses on a daily basis as a foundation for common language and perspective, which has helped the organization to become more cohesive and successful in its provision of services (O’Connell, 2012b). The ACSA, Charlottesville, Virginia, now enjoys better communication among its employees, and between employees and management (O’Connell, 2012a). This is one of the tools that the organization has invested in. All of its employees are trained on the basics of Emergenetics, giving them the opportunity to explore the tool at a personal level, and then at an organizational level (O’Connell, 2012b). The tool is used in team building across departments in the organization. This has enhanced productivity in the organization because the tool aligns the strengths of each team to team and organizational goal. The organization also uses the tool to foster good relationships at the workplace, since all employees are aware of their personalities and strengths (O’Connell, 2012b). Being self-aware, employees are more open to understanding their colleagues and leaders, and this fosters good relationships between them. Emergenetics has also provided a lens for all employees in the organization to appreciate the uniqueness of their roles in the teams they work in, and to the organization as a whole. Conclusion Emergenetics is a powerful tool that can be applied to every organization to improve work-relationships between employees and their leaders, as well as among employees. Its usefulness starts with the kind of awareness that the tool brings to the workplace. The tool also leads to a form of satisfaction and motivation, because every employee feels that they are appreciated for what they can do. Emergenetics also works well to maintain effective communication within the work place. References Browning, Geil. (2005). Emergenetics  ®: Tap into the New Science of Success. New York:  Harper Business. Hunter, Gordon. (2010). Strategic Information systems: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and  Applications. Hershey: IGI Global Snippet. O’Connell, Gary. (2012a). Albemarle County Service Authority, Charlottesville, Virginia.  Albemarle County Service Authority, pp. 1-8. O’Connell, Gary. (2012b). Welcome to Emergenetics- A New Science-Based Learning tool for  Individuals, Teams, and Organizations. Emergenetics International. Retrieved from http://icma.org/en/Article/102036/Welcome_to_Emergenetics_a_new_science_based_learning_tool_for_individuals_teams_and_organizations Williams, Wendell, Browning Geil. (2010). Origins and Discussion of Emergenetics Research. Emergenetics Research. Retrieved from https://www.emergenetics.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Origins-and-Discussion-of-Emergenetics-Research.pdf

South African Apartheid Essay -- South Africa Apartheid Essays

Have you ever wondered how it would feel to be considered inferior because of your race? The people of South Africa had to endure racial inferiority during the era of apartheid. The apartheid laws the government of South Africa made led to an unequal lifestyle for the blacks and produced opposition. South Africa really began to suffer when apartheid was written into the law. Apartheid was first introduced in the 1948 election that the Afrikaner National Party won. The plan was to take the already existing segregation and expand it (Wright, 60). Apartheid was a system that segregated South Africa’s population racially and considered non-whites inferior (â€Å"History of South Africa in the apartheid era†). Apartheid was designed to make it legal for Europeans to dominate economics and politics (â€Å"History of South Africa in the apartheid era†). Apartheid consisted of a set of unequal laws that favored the whites (â€Å"History of South Africa in the apartheid era†). The Race Classification Act, which divided everyone into four race groups, whites, blacks, coloreds, and Indians were the first of many major laws (Evans, 8). Hundreds of thousands of black South Africans were forced to leave their homes and move into special reservations called â€Å"homelands† or Bantustans that were set up for them (Evans, 8). There were twenty-three million blacks and they were divided into nine tribal groups, Zulu, Xhosa, Tswana, North and South Sotho, Venda, Tsonga, Swansi, and South Ndebele, and each group were moved into a separate homeland (Evans, 8). Another major law was the Groups Area Act, which secluded the twenty-three million blacks to 14 percent of land, leaving 86 percent of the land for the 4.8 million (Evans, 9). Under apartheid laws a minority ... ...rry their pass books (â€Å"Black’s resistance to Apartheid†). â€Å"During 1980 there were 304 major incidents concerning struggle with apartheid including arrests, tear gas violence, stoning, and strikes (â€Å"Black’s resistance to Apartheid†). In 1986 violent conflict forced the government to assert a national state of emergency (Wright, 68). The Public Safety Act increased penalties such as fining, imprisonment, and whippings for protesting the law (â€Å"History of South Africa in the apartheid era†). Finally in 1990 De Klerk, president of South Africa unbanned the ANC (‘History of South Africa in the apartheid era†). In 1994 the first free multiracial elections were held and the people voted to end apartheid (â€Å"History of South Africa in the apartheid era†). Nelson Mandela was elected president (Wright, 66). The opposition to apartheid helped turn things around in South Africa.

Chinese Mencius And Xunzi On Human Nature Essay

Mencius and Xunzi both follow Confucian philosophy yet have a dramatically different understanding of human nature. Additionally, the two philosophers make their arguments in strikingly different literary methods. Mencius believes that the â€Å"goodness of human nature is like the downward course of water† (147) in that people are naturally inclined to be good, and he makes this argument through conversations among friends and public figures. In contrast, Xunzi staunchly argues that â€Å"Human nature is evil† (179) and through essays claims that human nature’s only â€Å"goodness derives from the conscious activity† (179). The two philosophers both use many metaphors to explain their own interpretation of human nature in different ways. By exploring the philosophies of these two great Confucian thinkers, one better understands the multitude of ways human nature can be explained in Confucianism throughout Chinese history. As the â€Å"single most influential contributor to a view of human nature in Confucianized East Asia† (116), Mencius’ philosophy is fundamental. Mencius argues that human nature is good, and â€Å"ru† teachings furthered natural tendencies. To explain the natural goodness of human nature Mencius shows that â€Å"the goodness of human nature is like the downward course of water. † By this he claims, â€Å"there is no human being lacking in the tendency to do good, just as there is no water lacking in the tendency to flow downward† (147). Furthermore he counters the claim that water can be manipulated to go many directions by rationalizing that, â€Å"while people can be made to do what is not good, what happens to their nature is like this†(147). Overall, this metaphor is used to show that without manipulation or outside forces, people naturally want to do good things. 1 Additionally, Mencius asserts that the innate knowledge and ability, that of the child, is original and good due to the natural human tendency toward goodness. He explains that, â€Å"what people are able to do without having learned it is original, good ability. What they know without having to think about it is original, good knowledge† (156). Furthermore he gives the practical example that, â€Å"there are no young children who do not know to love their parents† (156). Another metaphor, that of the child falling into the well, advances the idea that this innate knowledge can be found in all people. Mencius explains that a man upon seeing a, â€Å"child falling in to a well, his mind would always be filled with alarm†therefore, â€Å"all human beings have a mind that cannot bear to see the sufferings of others (129). By claiming that a man can not help but feel this alarm naturally supports Mencius’ idea that by nature humans can not bear to see the suffering of other. Finally, Mencius uses the example of Ox Mountain, which was once beautifully covered in trees but is now bare to show the transformation of the outward appearance of human nature. Upon seeing, â€Å"this barrenness, people suppose that the mountain was never wooded. But how could this be the nature of the mountain? † (151). He asks. By this Mencius illustrates that one might suppose that a man never had the capacity for goodness just because he does not now follow the Way, however just as is the mountains nature to be wooded, it is man’s nature to be good. In contrast to Mencius optimistic thoughts on human nature, Xunzi argues that, â€Å"human nature is evil; its goodness derives from the conscious activity† (179). By this Xunzi means that human nature tends towards a â€Å"fondness for profit†¦envy and hate†¦ beautiful sights and sounds†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"following human nature and indulging human emotions will inevitably lead to contention and strife† (180). Such a grim outlook on 2 human nature likely derives from the tremulous and violent time period in which he developed these philosophies. Xunzi’s journeys during the Warring States Period likely had an impact on his pessimistic stance on human nature. However, Xunzi explains that these low human desires can be and should be controlled and directed by means of ritual and teachings. He praises the value of teachers as a way of practicing virtue and claims, â€Å"one must be transformed by the example of a teacher and guided by the way of ritual and rightness before one will attain modestly and yielding, accord with refinement and ritual, and return to order† (180). Xunzi refutes the idea that ritual and rightness are part of human nature and instead are the result of activity through the metaphor of a potter and carpenter. Xunzi rationalizes, â€Å"a potter may mold clay and produce an earthen pot, but how could molding pots of clay be the potter’s nature? A carpenter may carve wood and produce utensils but how could carving utensils out of wood be the carpenter’s nature? † (182). In this metaphor Xunzi illustrates how rituals are the result of conscious activity, and these rituals â€Å"established models and limits in order to reform and improve the human emotional nature† (180). Without such limits to evil human nature, society would fall into chaos. Mencius, in each of his metaphors illustrates how human nature has a tendency to be good. In contrast Xunzi’s metaphors and explanations illustrate his claim that human nature is bad. Although these two thinkers differ greatly in philosophy, they share the idea that governance and personal cultivation have a close relationship. Mencius’ belief that human nature is good is related to his idea of proper governance. Leading by example allows people to follow the Way and to be in touch with their true human nature, and therefore Heaven. In contrast, Xunzi believes that evil human nature can be curbed and 3 directed through conscious activity and ritual so as to allow for order in government. Finally, the two, as â€Å"ru† thinkers, also believe in the ability of humans in general to aspire to higher personal cultivation. Mencius states, â€Å"if one does what is not good, that is not the fault of ones capacities† (149) and similarly Xunzi also claims, â€Å"The man on the street can become a Yu† (183) meaning any man on the street has the natural endowment needed to understand virtue.

SWAT team Essays

SWAT team Essays SWAT team Essay SWAT team Essay More SWAT teams sprang up around the nation throughout the sixties seventies, where they were most needed. For instance, in 1975, the Fresno Police Department put together a SWAT team that consisted of ten men – two sergeants and eight deputies. They armed themselves with weapons confiscated from properties and evidence. That same year, in San Jose, California, Fred Solomon stabbed and tried to rape a woman in her home. When her children called police, he led his pursuers on a chase across San Jose. During the chase, Solomon stole three vehicles, threatened various people, kidnapped and shot a doctor. Finally, Solomon hijacked a Continental Airlines 727. He was brought down by a sharpshooter on San Jose’s SWAT team (UPI, 1975). The SWAT concept was so new in 1975 that newspapers had to explain to their readers what the initials stood for. In 1977, a group called MOVE holed themselves up in a house, along with rats, dogs and excrement. When neighbors complained about the smell, inspectors had gone to investigate, but were blocked by MOVE protestors. Police then went in to aid the inspectors. When one of the officers spotted a gun in the hand of a MOVE member, he asked her to throw down her gun. Instead, MOVE opened fire on the SWAT team below. The members then threw a little girl out of their basement window as a shield. A plainclothes officer rescued her, and the SWAT team managed to capture automatic weapons and ammunition that the group had stored in its house. Some of MOVE’s members were then charged with murder. Their children were taken, given baths, and turned over to Welfare, because MOVE was against soap, and burying garbage (UPI, 1978). In 1979, a San Diego sixteen-year-old, who had received a gun as a Christmas present from her father, opened fire on teachers and students at an elementary school. She killed the school’s principal, a custodian, and an officer who attempted to bring a wounded child to safety. She also wounded children from age six to age twelve. The school was across from her home, which SWAT officers surrounded. Through negotiation, they convinced her to come out from her barricade. The girl claimed she had been trying to â€Å"cheer up† a Monday (UPI, Sniper kills two in school yard, 1979). In 1980, prisoners in Santa Fe, New Mexico took over the New Mexico state prison. Prisoners began fighting other prisoners, leaving more than twenty-seven inmates dead, before the SWAT team went in and regained control. The deaths were brutal and caused by mutilation and burning. Reports said that the brutality was unthinkable. The SWAT team managed to keep all the hostages alive, overcoming the power of around 250 inmates. Here, the SWAT team demonstrated that the usual police power was not enough for specialized cases. The ability of SWAT officers to avoid unnecessary violence was showcased as well (UPI, 1980). In 1984, the SWAT team was called in, when Olympic athlete, Kari Swenson was kidnapped by mountain men as she was jogging. When Swenson’s friend Alan Goldstein found her and tried to free her, the men shot and killed him. Swenson herself was also shot in the gunfire, and nearly bled to death, but the athlete was found in time and rushed to the hospital. Her captors, Don and Dan Nichols managed to escape. Therefore, the SWAT team, using high-technology equipment and flying helicopters, were asked to search for them (Anez, 1984). Although the team did not succeed in its initial attempts, the two mountain men were brought into custody later in the year (Hauser, 2008).

Perceptions Of Workload The WritePass Journal

Perceptions Of Workload Introduction Perceptions Of Workload ]. Further Reading Askun, C.S., 2007. Relationships between students level of effort and course perceptions in a blended learning environment, Indiana University, Bloomington. Frey, N.,   Fisher, D. Everlove, S. 2009. Productive group work, ASCD, Alexandria, VA. Jones, R., 2009. Physical ergonomic and mental workload factors of mobile learning affecting performance of adult distant learners: Students perspectives, ProQuest, Parkway. Rabie, S., 2007. Medical students perceptions of the utility of concept mapping, ProQuest, Ann Arbor, MI.

The Animal and Plant Cell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The Animal and Plant Cell - Essay Example There are a number of similarities that are possessed by the two cells and which perform closely related functions in either cell. First, both cells possess a cell membrane. A cell membrane is the covering that protects the inner organelles of the cell from damage. The cell membrane in both cells has certain properties that make it perform its functions in the best way. For instance, it’s semipermeable to allow partial passage of particles or what is called selective permeability. This is important in preventing particles to get into the cell and the ones that are supposed to remain from leaving. This helps in maintaining the osmotic pressure of the cell and ensuring that it is turgid as in guard cells which control the gaseous exchange of plants. Both cells contain mitochondria. The mitochondria are the power organelle that is responsible for generating the energy that is used in the cell and also in the activities that the organism engages in. It has enzymes (protein catalys ts) which are able to convert simple food materials such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids into high energy molecules such as the Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), Guanine Triphosphate (GTP) and Cytosine Triphosphate (CTP). This high energy molecule is generated in the various cycles e.g. the Kreb's cycle which take the food materials as the raw materials. This is a very important organelle as without it the organism would not be able to generate energy and hence its activity would be totally impaired.

Law School Open Memo Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law School Open Memo - Case Study Example robbery committed pursuant to the statute is twenty years, or 240 months. Id. Testimony by Dr. Caffrey reveals that she had knowledge that there was a possibility of forseeing the the robbery committed by Norwich. Additionally, the bank teller has stated that she knew that the "gun" toted by Norwich was actually a toy gun. This memorandum is respectfully submitted to address, the issue of psychologist privilege, and the issue whether Norwich's use of a toy gun (as recognized by the victim, here the bank teller) can be asserted so as to fail prosecution pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 2113 (a). I. Background of The New York State and Federal Rule Pertaining to Privledge. Federal law recognizes a privilege protecting confidential communications between a psychotherapist and his or her patient. Jaffee v. Redmond, 518 U.S. 1, 10 (1996). Although common-law rulings may once have been primary source of new developments in federal privilege law, that is no longer case. Fed.Rules Evid.Rule 501, 28 U.S.C.A. However before determining whether an exception is carved out, the Court will look to the rules of evidence of a particular state, here, New York. Fed.Rules Evid.Rule 501; 28 U.S.C.A. The common law knew no privilege for confidential information imparted to a physician. 8 Wigmore, Evidence 2380-2391 (McNaughton rev. 1961). When a physician raised the question before Lord Mansfield whether he was required to disclose professional confidences, the line was clearly drawn: "If a surgeon was voluntarily to reveal these secrets, to be sure, he would be guilty of a breach of honor and of great indiscretion; but to give that information in a court of justice, which by the law of the land he is bound to do, will never be... 2. Yes, the type of gun and victims knowledge (here the bank teller) that the gun was a water gun is irrelevant because courts have already ruled that toy guns are an intimidating weapon for 18 U.S.C. 2113 (a) purposes. This firm represents Clyde Norwich, a man this firm believes will be charged shortly with bank robbery. Clyde suffers from paranoid schizophrenia and robbed a bank in August of this year. At the time of the robbery, he was under the care of a psychologist who possesses a Phd. in abnormal clinical psychology. The psychologist, Dr. Caffrey, believes that Mr. Norwich ceased taking his medication that regulated his behavior and further admits that Norwich shared his plan to rob the bank with her. Indeed, Mr. Norwich robbed the bank that he had specifically identified during treatment. Norwich is expected to be charged pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 2113 (a). original form was as follows: "No person authorized to practice physic or surgery shall be allowed to disclose any information which he may have acquired in attending any patient, in a professional character, and which information was necessary to enable him to prescribe for such